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外刊精读
A.精读方法
Step 1 通读全文--标出生词/短语/句型
Step 2 查词典--中英释义；词组搭配；典型例句；模仿造句
Step 3 整理文章脉络，长难句分析/翻译（回译）
1.绘制思维导图
（不一定每篇文章都要做）
工具：幕布/Xmind/印象笔记自带工具
1.不看文章，自己归纳/边看文章边补充/看着思维导图做 mini speech
2.归类同义词/反义词
3.归类写作句型
B. 泛读
Step 1 通读全文，标出生词/短语/好句
Step 2 查词典，了解生词/短语含义和用法、好的句型等，记录下来。
Tips:
1.笔记以实用为主，电子笔记比纸质笔记更高效，不必太注重美观
2.学会思考，切勿全文照搬
3.坚持成习惯
1、如何开头？如何引出主题？
文章开头以古今对比的方式，指出当今网络犯罪非常普遍，从而引出主题：
Twenty years ago, it might have been the plot of a trashy airport thriller. These days, it is routine. On May 7th cyber-criminals shut down the pipeline supplying almost half the oil to America’s east coast for five days. To get it flowing again, they demanded a $4.3m ransom from Colonial Pipeline Company, the owner.
20年前，这可能是一部无聊的机场书店的惊悚小说里的情节。如今，这很常见。5月7日，网络犯罪分子把一条输油管道关闭了五天，而这条管道运输了美国东海岸近一半的石油。为了使管道恢复运输，黑客要求管道所有者殖民管道公司(Colonial Pipeline Company)支付430万美元赎金。
过去-现在-举例
我们可以从中提炼出一个开头模板：
XX years ago, it might have been...(罕见/古怪). These days, however, it is routine / common.
气候变化：
Decades ago, extreme climate events used to be rarely seen. These days, however, it has become a routine. In July, 2019, heatwaves have turned swathes of America and Europe into furnaces, killing thousands of people. And in the summer of 2020, floods hit south of China, resulting in a sharp drop in crop production.
数十年前，极端气候事件很罕见，而现在很常见。2019年7月，热浪把美国和欧洲大片地区变成了火炉，导致数千人死亡。在2020年夏天，洪水袭击了中国南方，导致农作物大量减产。
“古今对比→引出主题”的开头方式在外刊中很常见，比如《经济学人》中曾有过一篇关于网恋的文章，文章开头是这么写的：
①In the early 1990s the notion of meeting a partner online seemed freakish, and not a little pathetic. ②Today, in many places, it is normal.
20世纪90年代早期，“网恋”的想法似乎很奇怪，而且非常可怜。但今天，在很多地方，它很正常。
2、如何分析影响？
Such attacks are evidence of an epoch of intensifying cyber-insecurity that will impinge on everyone, from tech firms to schools and armies. One threat is catastrophe: think of an air-traffic-control system or a nuclear-power plant failing. But another is harder to spot, as cybercrime impedes the digitisation of many industries, hampering a revolution that promises to raise living standards around the world.
以上袭击说明我们已进入一个网络危险愈加严峻的时代，这会影响到每一个人，从科技公司到学校到军队。一个威胁是灾难性的：想一想空中交通管制系统或核电站瘫痪。但另一个威胁不易察觉：因为网络犯罪会妨碍很多行业实现数字化，这会阻碍一场有望提高世界各地生活水平的革命。
1.语言点：
①epoch 同 era，指“时代”，an epoch of intensifying cyber-insecurity 的意思就是：网络不安全加剧的时代。
②impinge on 指 to have a noticeable effect on sth / sb, especially a bad one “对...有明显影响”，举个例子：
He never allowed his work to impinge on his private life.
他从不让他的工作妨碍私生活。
也可以用 encroach on 替换：
He never allows work to encroach on his family life.
他从不让工作扰乱他的家庭生活。
③from tech firms to schools and armies 中，from...to...是个常见的举例子的用法，可以翻译成“从...到...、比如...”，一般是跨度比较大的例子。
④an air-traffic-control system or a nuclear-power plant failing 中，failing 此处可理解成“故障、瘫痪”，总之是系统出了问题、无法正常工作。
⑤impede 和 hamper 是一对同义词，表示 prevent 的意思，“阻碍、妨碍”，impede 的否定形容词 unimpeded：
⑥a revolution that promises to raise living standards around the world 中，promise to 表示“可能会、有望”，后面加积极乐观的前景，这部分的意思是：有望提高全世界生活水平的革命。
2.提炼出一组地道的写作句型，可用来分析对事物的影响：
...(具体的例子) are evidence of an epoch of...(主题/现象) that will impinge on everyone, from A to B and C. One threat is catastrophe: ......(影响1). Another is ......(影响2).
这些例子是...时代来临的证据，这会影响到每一个人，从 A 到 B 再到 C。其中一个威胁是灾难性的……，另一个威胁是……。
气候变化：
Decades ago, extreme climate events used to be rarely seen. These days, however, it has become a routine. In July, 2019, heatwaves have turned swathes of America and Europe into furnaces, killing thousands of people. And in the summer of 2020, floods hit south of China, resulting in a sharp drop in crop production.
Such extreme weather is evidence of an epoch of climate change that will impinge on everyone, from individuals to tech firms and to governments. One threat is catastrophe: it will lead to more droughts, floods and heatwaves, causing deaths and economic loss. Another is harder to spot: as temperatures climb up, icebergs in both the Arctic and the Antarctic will melt down, driving sea levels up and submerging low altitude areas。
这些极端天气说明我们正进入气候变化的时代，这会影响到每一个人，从个人到科技公司再到政府。其中一个威胁是灾难性的：气候变化会导致更多旱灾、洪灾和高温天气，导致死亡和经济损失。另一个威胁难以察觉：随着温度升高，北极和南极的冰川都会融化，导致海平面上升，淹没低海拔地区。
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