|
|
每周考点
华工考研每周考点：主要是华工各专业考研核心考点，帮助大家快速把握考试关键，进行快速查缺补漏。
相关科目：211翻译硕士英语
相关知识点：定语从句（易混/常考）
#1、定语从句（易混/常考）
定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象称为先行词
关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连词。
一、关系代词及关系副词一览表：
从上面的表格得知：
1）that和why只引导限制性定语从句
2）关系代词:关系代词在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。其中whose一定要与名词连用，表示所属关系。which可单独引导定语从句,也可用作限定词与名词连用。
先行词指人：who, whom;
先行词指物；which;
先行词指人或物均可:that, whose
易混点：
1. who和whom的区别
1） Who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但Who之前不可用介词
a.I like the people who I work with.我很喜欢同我一起工作的那些人。（who。作介词with的宾语。）
b.I like the people with whom I work.
2） whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或表语。
A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用；...one whom has...） 一个富有的人，不是因为他拥有最多，而是因为他需要最少。
2. 在下列情况中用that不用which：
1)当先行词既是有人又有物时，用that。
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
2)先行词为指物的all，little, few, much, none, the first,用that。
a.All that glitters is not gold.
b.This book contains little that is useful.
c.There is not much that can be done.
d.As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.
3)先行词是不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时,一般用that
Is there anything that I can do for you?
4)先行词被 any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little，序数词，最高级，the only, the one, the very, the right,the last修饰时，用that
a.Tell us all things that you know.
b.There is no difficulty that they can't overcome.
3关系副词:关系副词只充当状语:when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。
when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，其先行词须是表示 时间的名词,如day, year, time等。when可用on which来替换
注意;how不可以作为表示方式的关系副词在英语中，若表示方式，我们用以下句型：the way in which/that/省略
During the 1940's science and engineering had an impact on the way music reached its audience and even influenced the way in which it was composed.
①when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，其先行词须是表示时间的名词,如day, year, time等。when可用on which来替换。
a.I’11 never forget the day when I met you.( when作时间状语，修饰met)
b.I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.
注：当表示时间的先行名同，若定语从句不是缺状语，而是缺少主语或宾语，要用which/that来引导定从
I’ll never forget the time which I spent on campus.( which作spent的宾语)
②where引导定语从句，其先行词必须是表示地点的名词，如 place, house 等。
Do you know any place where I can buy the grammar book
与when类似，并非凡是先行词表示地点的名词，都得由where来引导定语从句，这得看关系词在从句中充当的成分
a.This is the town where I spent my childhood.
b.This is the town which I told you about before.(which作about的宾语)
③why用来表原因，只引导来制性定语从句,先行词是reason等表示原因的名词。
This is the reason why I didn't come here.（此处 why = for which）
4. 特殊关系代词：as、what、than、but
As
①在as引导限制性定语从句时，只是用在一些固定的结构中,即只能用在such,the same,as,so的后面
a.He'll repeat suck points as are discussed in the book.
b.Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
c.He is not the same playboy as we knew.
d.The instrument is not such an instrument as I saw on the exhibition.
②as引导非限定性定语从句可位于句首,而which不能这样用。
a. As is known, the whale is not fish but a mammal.众所周知，鲸不是鱼类，而是哺乳类动物 (as指的是the whale is not fish but a mammal整个句子)
b. As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
③ as和which都可引导非限定性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。但因为as引导的定语从句有“正好…”，“就像…”，“由…而知”的含义。所以，当主句和从句内容上一致时，或者说从句内容 是顺着主句意思说下来时，用as。若主句和从句内容上不一致, 或从句的内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等消极的作用时, 则多用which
He was late for school, which/as is often the case.
The gentleman admires Mrs. Brown, which surprised me.
She is very careful, as her work shows.
What
①what作关系代词，可表示物,也可表示人。
a.She is not what she used to be- (She is not the girl that she used to be.)
b.Show me what you have written. (show me the things that you have written.)
c.He is not what he was a few years ago. (what 指人,the man that)
我们注意到以上句中what前均没有先行词。
②“what +名词”，意为“所有的…，尽可能多的…”
a.I will give you what help I can.(我会尽可能地帮你)
b.What money I have has been given to you. = All the money that I have...我身上所有的钱都给了你了。
Than
①than可作关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中一般作主语，than前面的主句需有形容词比较级形式。
a・ Don't drink more wine than is good for health. 不要饮酒过量。适量饮酒有益于健康。
c. Don't give him more money than is needed, since money will burn a hole in his pocket.不要多给他钱，他需要多 少就给多少，因为他有钱就花。
②than也可在从句中作宾语：
He soon found it easy to make much more money by thieving than his father had done by a lifetime of honest work.
很快他就发现，通过盗窃所挣的钱比他老爸一辈子辛勤劳作所挣的要多得多
But的用法
1)but 作关系代词，相当于 that. ..not, who... not, whom...not在句中作主语或宾语，可指人也可指物。
2)尽管定语从句形式上肯定，但在意义上是否定的。
3)常与具有否定意义的主句连用。
4)通常只引导限制性定语从句°
a・ There is no man but errs. ( = There is no man who doesn’t err. but作主语)人必犯错
b.There are very few but admire his talents. ( = There are very few who don 'c admire his talents, but 作主语)很少 有人不赞赏他的才干。
加入华工考研各专业【微信交流群】 请加微信号：scutky8(备注年份+报考专业），获取免费直播课入场链接
|
|
