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相关科目：211翻译硕士英语 相关知识点：英语词汇+短语辨析
#1、英语词汇+短语辨析 （形似意异/近义辨析） 1.absorbent/absorbing absorbent adj.能吸收的，有吸引力的
absorbent cotton脱脂棉 Sponge is absorbent of water. 海绵能吸水。 absorbing adj.吸引人的，引人入胜的
Boys find The Adventure of Tom Sawyer an absorbing book男孩子们发现《汤姆•索耶历险记》是本吸引人的书。
练习：Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are...,filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.(16年单选） A.imaginative B.imaginable C.imagined D.imaginary
2、alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟"活"有关。 alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。 After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。 all man alive 所有活着的人
live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。 We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。
living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。 Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room 起居室
lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。 She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。
3.blunder, error, mistake 这一组名词都表示"错误"。 blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。 I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。
error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。 The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。 mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。 I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。
4.component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有"组成成分"的意思。 component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。 Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。
element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。 The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。 He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。 Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。 Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
5.transaction,transition,transmission,transformation, transfer ,conversion transaction n.交易行为，处理。 Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。
transition n. (从一种情况到另一种的)过渡，更替。 The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说，从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。
transmission n.传播(比如疾病)；广播。 The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。
transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，改观，转变。 His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige. 他结婚之后性格判若两人。
transfer n.转移，转让；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘，改变路线。 The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快，已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。 conversion-convert 事物的形式或用途改变，还可以指信仰尤其是宗教信仰的改变。 Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于 1971 年改用十进制货币体系。 He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。
练习：In order to keep the line moving, customers with lengthy...are required to do their banking inside.(17年真题） A.transit B.transactions C.turnover D.tempos The...from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody.(17年真题） A.conversion B.transition C.turnover D.transformation
6.comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include 这一组动词都有"组成，包含"的意思。 comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。 Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500 个不同的组成部分构成的。
compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成(后接 of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。 The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
consist v.组成，构成,由……组成(后接 of，常用于主动语态)；(后接 in)在于，存在于。 The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。 Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
练习：In the past, a woman’s world usually...household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home.(16年真题） A. make up B.composed of C.was comprised of D.consisted of
7.affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 这一组动词都有"声称"的意思。 affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是 deny 的反义词。 He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。
assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称；或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。“断定” She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。 The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。 They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告 的意味。 The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。 proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。 The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
8.accompanied by/accompanied with accompanied by v. phrase在…陪同下，由…陪同，由…伴奏（被动形式） The tourists were accompanied by the guide.旅游者由导游陪同。 The singer was accompanied by music.那位歌手以音乐伴奏。
accompanied with v. phrase附加，兼有，具有（不是被动式，只表示状态） His cold is accompanied with fever.他感冒兼有发烧。 He accompanied his speech with gestures.他在演讲时伴有手势。
9.make out 理解，辨认出 work out 解决，算出 find out 找出，查明 Figure out 解决，算出 Puff off 推迟，延期；驶出，出发 Turn off 关掉；转弯； Take off 脱掉，起飞 See off 送行，送别 Arthur Hailey...two weeks...in August and then felt his health improving.(15年真题） It is sometimes difficult to...what is said over an airport loudspeaker.(15年真题）
10.stick at/stick to 注：这是两个动介型短语动词，都有“坚持”之意，但涵义和用法不同。 stick at v. phrase坚持（工作，劳动，学习等）奋力不懈地做…，勤于… He sticks at his work more than ten hours a day.他每天坚持工作 10 多个小时。 He will stick at the research till he succeeds.他将坚持这个研究直至成功为止。
stick to v. phrase①坚持（真理、观点、立场、原则），信守（诺言、合同）忠于②在…上，紧靠在…旁边, 不离 He always sticks to his opinions.他总是坚持己见。 He will stick to his boss whatever h迎pens.不管发生什么事，他都将忠于他的老板。 Dandelions stick to woolen suits.蒲公英容易粘附在毛衣上。 Stick to me or you will get lost.紧跟着我，否则你会走失。
11.stand up/stand up for/stand up to stand up v. phrase站起来，成立，站得住脚 Everybody stood up when the teacher came in.老师进来时，全体起立。 The charge you've made didn't stand up in court在法院你的指控不成立。
stand up for v. phrase为…辩护，维护；支持，拥护 I was sad that nobody stood up for me.没人为我辩护，我很沮丧。 Women should unite and stand up for their rights.妇女应团结起来，维护自己的权利。 All my friends will stand up for me.我所有的朋友都将支持我。
stand up to ①勇敢地面对，坚决抵抗②经受住（挫折、考验），经得起，顶住 Every soldier should stand up to danger, death and kindness.每位士兵都应勇于面对危险、 死亡和孤独。 People from the north can not stand up to the heat in the south.北方人经受不住南方的炎热。 Gold can stand up to high temperature.黄金能经得住很高的温度。
12. if only/only if if only 有两种用法：①作“只要"之意（引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as） You will succeed if only you do your best.只要你尽全力去做，你会成功的。 ②但愿…，要是…该多好（引导条件状语从句，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，常用虚拟语气） If only I had more money, I could buy a car.我要是有更多的钱该多好，我就会买一辆车。 If only I were as young as you .要是我和你一样年轻该多好啊！
only if conj.只有…才（引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that,与引起的一般条件句相比，only if有种增强主句语气的作用。如果从句位于主句之前时，主句的语序要部分倒装。 You will pass the exam only if you work hard.你只有努力学习才能通过考试° Only if you have such experience will you understand it.只有你有了这样的经历，你才会理解。
练习：...both sides accept the agreement...a lasting peace be established in this region.(18年真题） A. Only if,will B.If only,would C.Should,will D.Unless,would
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